Toss cucumbers with ½ teaspoon kosher salt in a colander and set aside to drain while you prepare the other ingredients.
Finely chop the peanuts, cilantro, and red pepper flakes together until well mixed. Set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together the peanut butter, soy sauce, rice vinegar, sugar, garlic, and ½ teaspoon kosher salt. Whisk in a little water (up to 1 tbsp) to thin the dressing if needed.
Add the drained cucumbers to the dressing and toss to coat well.
To serve: spoon half the dressed cucumbers onto a plate and sprinkle with half of the peanut mixture. Repeat with the remaining cucumbers and peanut mixture.
Drizzle with chile oil if using and serve immediately.